Some types of disease cause the trabeculae to become thicker or thinner than normal. Trabeculae are thin pieces of hard bone that run through the bone marrow. Your pathologist may recommend repeating the biopsy if the tissue sample is too small or of low quality. For example, some tissue samples can be crushed during the procedure which will limit the pathologist’s ability to analyze the cells. Your pathologist will also comment on the quality of the core needle biopsy. Because certain types of diseases may only involve part of the bone marrow, small tissue samples may miss the area of disease. Your pathologist will measure the length of the tissue sample in the core needle biopsy. They then look for some basic features that allow them to decide if the tissue is normal or abnormal.īelow you will find the basic information pathologists usually look for when examining a bone marrow tissue sample. When a pathologist examines a bone marrow tissue sample, they first determine if enough tissue is available to make a diagnosis. In this situation, a core biopsy is crucial to examine the bone marrow. In addition, some diseases cause fibrosis in the bone marrow which can make it very difficult to aspirate cells. A core needle biopsy is better at looking at the organization of the bone marrow and how the cells stick together. However, unlike an aspirate, the tissue sample in a core biopsy is a solid piece of tissue that needs to be cut into thin sections before it can be examined under a microscope. Core needle biopsy – A core needle biopsy also uses a needle to remove a small amount of bone marrow.Because the sample is spread onto the slide, it is not possible to see how the cells were organized inside the bone marrow. Spreading the tissue allows your pathologist to examine the size, shape, and colour of individual cells and count them. The tissue sample is then spread on a slide so it can be examined. Aspirate – An aspirate uses a needle and suction to remove a small amount of bone marrow.Your doctor may perform one or both types at the same time. There are two types of tests that can be performed to examine bone marrow. Most samples are taken from an area of the hip bone called the posterior iliac crest, because it is large and easy to reach with a needle. The sample is usually taken from a bone in the hip. In order to see what is happening inside your bone marrow, your doctor will remove a small sample of bone marrow. In some cases, your doctor may request a bone marrow examination if abnormal changes in your blood persist despite treatment or if they suspect there may be a separate issue involving the bone marrow. Your bone marrow may also be affected by problems that involve your entire body such as deficits in nutrients like iron or vitamin B12, infections, and renal disease. Cancers from other parts of the body can also spread to the bone (this is called a metastasis). Your bone marrow can also be involved by lymphoma or plasma cell disorders. There are many types of bone marrow diseases, such as leukemia or diseases that affect the production of blood cells or platelets. Your doctor may also request a bone marrow examination if you have symptoms that can be caused by a bone marrow disease or if there is an unexplained change seen in your blood cells. The best way to see if your bone marrow is healthy and producing normal blood cells is to examine a sample of tissue under the microscope. The normal bone marrow is full of developing blood cells, which are surrounded by connective tissue and fat. These cells include white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and platelets. The bone marrow is where most of your blood cells are produced. However, as adults, the bone marrow is typically found in the ribs, sternum, pelvis (hip bones), and vertebra (backbones). In children, bone marrow can be found at the centre of most bones. Unlike the outside of a bone, which is very hard, the bone marrow is soft. The bone marrow is a specialized type of tissue found at the centre of a bone. It may also include information about additional tests that were performed on the tissue sample such as flow or immunohistochemistry. It includes information about what the pathologist saw when they examined the tissue from your bone marrow sample under the microscope. A bone marrow pathology report is a medical document prepared for you by a pathologist.
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